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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices
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Strain-Modulated Reconfigurable Optical Information Processing in Flexible Graphene/PDMS.

Zexin Cui1,2, Lihua Tong1, Yuehua Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology & Hebei Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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We developed a flexible graphene composite whose nonlinear optical properties can be tuned by mechanical strain. This strain-tunable response enables reconfigurable optical switches and logic gates for future photonic devices.

Area of Science:

  • Photonics and optoelectronics
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • All-optical information processing is crucial for future communication and computing.
  • Graphene offers excellent nonlinear optical properties and flexibility for photonic devices.
  • Current graphene photonic components lack dynamic reconfigurability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) effect in a flexible graphene/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite under mechanical strain.
  • To demonstrate the dynamic tunability of graphene's nonlinear optical response via strain.
  • To develop strain-gated reconfigurable optical logic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a flexible graphene/PDMS composite.
  • Investigation of the spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) effect under varying tensile strain.
Keywords:
grapheneoptical logic gateoptical switchingspatial self‐phase modulationstrain engineering

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  • Measurement of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ monolayer ( 3 ) $\chi _{{\mathrm{monolayer}}}^{(3)}$) of graphene.
  • Design and demonstration of strain-gated optical switches and logic gates.

    • Main Results:

    • Increasing tensile strain from 0% to 40% continuously suppressed SSPM diffraction rings from 8 to 0.
    • The third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ monolayer ( 3 ) $\chi _{{\mathrm{monolayer}}}^{(3)}$) decreased from 1.357 × 10-7 to 6.125 × 10-8 e.s.u.
    • Strain-induced modifications in graphene's electronic band structure and effective interacting layers tuned the nonlinear optical response.
    • Successfully designed and demonstrated a strain-gated optical switch and reconfigurable logic gates (OR/AND).

    Conclusions:

    • Mechanical strain dynamically tunes the nonlinear optical response of graphene/PDMS composites.
    • This strain-tunable SSPM effect enables the development of reconfigurable graphene-based photonic devices.
    • The study opens new pathways for flexible, tunable nonlinear photonic devices for advanced information processing.