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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults
06:13

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

HRS-7535 for Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Metformin: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Lixin Guo1, Zilin Sun2, Lihui Zhang3

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing.

JAMA Network Open
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oral HRS-7535 significantly improved glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. This nonpeptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) offers a potential alternative to injectable medications.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults
06:13

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Oral small-molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) present an alternative to injectable therapies for type 2 diabetes.
  • Limitations of current peptide-based GLP-1 RAs include the need for injection and potential fasting requirements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of HRS-7535, an oral nonpeptide GLP-1 RA.
  • To assess HRS-7535 as an add-on therapy in adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin.

Main Methods:

  • A 16-week, phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.
  • 194 adults with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 7.5%-11.0%) on metformin were randomized to oral HRS-7535 (15-90 mg) or placebo.
  • Primary outcome: change in HbA1c from baseline to week 16.

Main Results:

  • Oral HRS-7535 significantly reduced HbA1c levels compared to placebo (placebo-adjusted differences: -0.94% to -1.57%, P < .001).
  • Higher proportions of patients achieved HbA1c < 7.0% with HRS-7535 (48.7%-63.2%) versus placebo (15.4%).
  • Mild to moderate gastrointestinal adverse events were common; hypoglycemia was infrequent.

Conclusions:

  • Oral HRS-7535 demonstrated efficacy in improving glycemic control and modest weight reduction in adults with type 2 diabetes.
  • The safety profile was consistent with other GLP-1 RAs.
  • HRS-7535 may offer a convenient oral treatment option, pending further investigation in phase 3 trials.