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Happiness and hypertension prevalence: A global analysis
Moosa Tatar1, Amir Habibdoust2, Soheila Farokhi3
1Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
PLOS Global Public Health
|June 3, 2026
Summary
Higher national happiness scores correlate with lower hypertension prevalence globally. Factors like GDP, generosity, and life expectancy influence hypertension risk differently in males and females.
Area of Science:
- Global Health
- Epidemiology
- Social Science
Background:
- Hypertension prevalence is high worldwide, with low control rates.
- Understanding factors influencing hypertension is crucial for public health.
- National happiness and its determinants may impact population health outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between national happiness and hypertension prevalence.
- To identify key variables influencing hypertension across countries.
- To explore sex-specific predictors of hypertension.
Main Methods:
- Utilized World Happiness Report and NCD Risk Factor Collaboration data for 151 countries (2019).
- Employed K-means clustering to group countries by happiness features.
- Applied XGBoost machine learning to predict hypertension prevalence.
Main Results:
- Four country clusters based on happiness features were identified.
- Higher happiness score clusters showed lower hypertension prevalence.
- GDP per capita was a key predictor for both sexes; other factors varied by sex (e.g., generosity for males, social support for females).
Conclusions:
- National happiness is inversely associated with hypertension prevalence.
- Economic and social well-being factors significantly predict hypertension.
- Sex-specific public health strategies considering societal well-being are recommended for hypertension control.
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