GMC-Bind: A Multimodal Framework for RNA-Protein Binding Site Prediction With Bidirectional Cross-Attentional Fusion

Accurate identification of RNA-protein binding sites is crucial for understanding gene regulation and disease mechanisms. However, existing deep learning models still face challenges in synergistically modeling multi-scale sequence motifs and dynamic structures. To address this, we propose GMC-Bind, a multimodal framework combining multi-scale window convolution, graph attention, and bidirectional cross-attention mechanisms, which achieves efficient synergistic modeling of local sequence features and global structural dependencies. The framework employs multi-scale convolution to extract variable-length motif features, utilizes graph attention to encode the spatial topology of RNA secondary structures, and facilitates cross-modal interaction between sequence and structural features through a bidirectional cross-attention mechanism based on positional encoding, ultimately generating binding site predictions. Extensive experimental results on the RBP-24 dataset demonstrate that GMC-Bind achieves optimal performance in 17 out of 24 datasets, with an average AUC of 95.8%, significantly outperforming existing baseline methods and providing an effective new approach for RNA-protein binding site identification.