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Creation and evaluation of 3D printed compostable myringotomy sets: A sustainable proof of concept
Maggie Zhang1, Amirbahador Golchin1, Patrick Kiessling1
1Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Background:
Single-use disposable medical supplies contribute significantly to the healthcare sector's carbon footprint. While most myringotomy sets are reusable, there has been a trend towards single-use disposable kits. No published research investigates the creation of surgical supplies using compostable biopolymers, a possible mitigation strategy for single-use disposable waste. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), biopolymers synthesized through bacterial fermentation, are compostable at a non-industrial level. This study presents a novel, fully compostable 3D printed myringotomy set as a proof-of-concept for sustainable alternatives within otolaryngology.
Methods:
Speculums, curettes, dissectors, and forceps were modeled with Computer-Aided Design and printed using a Fused Deposition Modeling printer and PHA filament. The tools were evaluated for print accuracy and functionality with a simulated myringotomy and tympanostomy tube placement.
Results:
The myringotomy sets were printed successfully, and all instruments performed comparably to traditional tools in simulation. The sizing of alligator forceps was limited by printer constraints, and due to material properties, the printed instruments differed from typical metal instruments in flexibility and tactical characteristics. Post-use analysis demonstrated significant composting with promising continuation.
Conclusions:
This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential for 3D printing compostable surgical tools using PHA filament. While refinements in print resolution and mechanical properties are needed, this approach offers a viable pathway for reducing medical waste and promoting sustainable practices in otolaryngologic surgery and beyond. Future research may investigate annealing methods, validation of sterility for the printed tools, standardized composting conditions, and conduct cost- and life-cycle analyses to assess the impact of replacing single-use disposable components or reusable myringotomy kits across diverse clinical settings, including resource-limited environments.
