Janus nanofiber membrane integrates exudate management and immunomodulation for enhanced diabetic wound healing

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) often experience delayed healing due to factors such as excessive exudate, neuropathy, immune dysregulation, along with ongoing infection, creating substantial hurdles for clinical treatment. Currently, therapeutic protocols for DFUs are mainly directed at mitigating inflammation reactions or fostering angiogenesis, whereas comparatively limited focus has been given to promoting nerve regeneration. To address this gap, we propose a Janus-structured nanofiber membrane (PCL/PAN-xCur) that not only enables automatic exudate management but also exhibits light-enhanced antibacterial properties. Additionally, the loaded curcumin (Cur) can modulate the immune microenvironment by reestablishing macrophage phenotype and eliminating excess reactive oxygen species. In the infected diabetic mice models, application of this nanofiber membrane effectively facilitates nerve regeneration and enhances the immune microenvironment, thus accelerating wound healing. Overall, this multifunctional nanofiber membrane demonstrates significant therapeutic potential for tissue repair by precisely regulating the neuro-immune microenvironment.