Rapid and efficient micro-solid phase extraction of atrazine in food and water samples using an MXene-MOF-LDH
Hassan Elzain Hassan Ahmed1, Mohammed Konneh2, Mustafa Soylak3
1Erciyes University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 38039 Kayseri, Turkiye; Technology Research and Application Center (ERU-TAUM), Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkiye; Sudan Atomic Energy Commission (SAEC) - Chemistry and Nuclear Physics Institute, Khartoum, Sudan; Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST) - College of Science-Scientific Laboratories Department, Chemistry Section, Khartoum, Sudan.
Abstract:
A dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (d-μ-SPE) procedure was applied using a newly synthesized multilayered vanadium carbide MXene/iron-based metal-organic framework/calcium-nickel-chromium layered double hydroxide (V₂CTₓ/MIL-88 A/CaNiCr LDH) nanocomposite as the adsorbent for atrazine. Extraction parameters were optimized. The technique achieved good analytical performance, with a low limit of detection of 0.12 μg L-1, a limit of quantification of 0.40 μg L-1, a preconcentration factor of 40, and an enhancement factor of 36.8. Good accuracy was achieved, with intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation values <7.1%. Accuracy was validated by recovery experiments conducted on water and juice samples, resulting in recoveries (89% - 102%). The suggested d-μ-SPE method provides rapid extraction (12-min total), requires only 10 mg of adsorbent and 1 mL of organic solvent, and offers sensitive and reproducible atrazine determination in water and juice samples.
