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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

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Smartphone function preference patterns and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: A cluster

Leyi Fang¹, Linwen Cheng¹, Yan Cai¹

¹School of Medicine (School of Nursing), Huzhou University, Huzhou, China.

Acta Psychologica

|June 3, 2026

Summary

Certain smartphone usage patterns are linked to cognitive health in older adults. Broad social and entertainment users and information/utility users showed higher cognitive scores, unlike multimodal or social/information users.

Keywords:

Cluster analysis Cognitive function Episodic memory Latent class analysis Middle-aged and older adults Smartphone use patterns

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Cognitive Neuroscience
Digital Health

Background:

Global population aging necessitates understanding factors influencing cognitive health.
Smartphone adoption is widespread among older adults, with diverse usage patterns.
The relationship between specific smartphone functional preferences and cognitive domains requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify distinct smartphone usage patterns based on functional preferences in middle-aged and older adults.
To examine the associations between these identified smartphone usage patterns and cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 4805 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2020.
Combined Latent Class Analysis and K-modes algorithm to identify four distinct smartphone usage patterns.
Weighted linear regression models adjusted for demographic and health factors to assess cognitive associations.

Main Results:

Four smartphone usage patterns were identified: Broad social and entertainment, Social and information-oriented, Broadly engaging multimodal, and Information and utility.
The broadly engaging multimodal user group exhibited the strongest negative association with total cognitive score, episodic memory, and mental intactness.
The social and information-oriented group was also associated with lower total cognitive performance, while information and utility users showed no significant differences.

Conclusions:

Distinct smartphone functional preference patterns are associated with varying cognitive performance in older adults.
Patterns involving broadly engaging multimodal use or social and information-orientation correlate with lower cognitive function.
Specific smartphone engagement profiles are relevant correlates of cognitive health in aging populations.