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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...
Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin to...
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...
Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Optocardiography and Electrophysiology Studies of Ex Vivo Langendorff-perfused Hearts
09:52

Optocardiography and Electrophysiology Studies of Ex Vivo Langendorff-perfused Hearts

Published on: November 7, 2019

Simplified Electrocardiogram Criteria to Guide Conduction System Pacing: Is it Possible to Democratize the Procedure?

Djalal Fakim1, Luciano Ayala-Valani1, Fatima Bounames1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.

The Canadian Journal of Cardiology
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Simple ECG criteria can confirm Conduction System Pacing (CSP) capture without electrophysiology systems. This improves accessibility to physiologic pacing, benefiting patients without prior ventricular pacing.

Keywords:
conduction system pacingcriteriaelectrocardiography

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Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction
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Impact of Intracardiac Neurons on Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis in an Ex Vivo Langendorff System
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Published on: May 22, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

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09:52

Optocardiography and Electrophysiology Studies of Ex Vivo Langendorff-perfused Hearts

Published on: November 7, 2019

Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction
06:57

Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction

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Impact of Intracardiac Neurons on Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis in an Ex Vivo Langendorff System
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Impact of Intracardiac Neurons on Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis in an Ex Vivo Langendorff System

Published on: May 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Conduction System Pacing (CSP) is recommended for high ventricular pacing burden and as an alternative to cardiac resynchronization.
  • Deep septal pacing is associated with improved clinical outcomes compared to other methods.
  • Current CSP lead placement criteria require electrophysiology (EP) systems, limiting accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify electrocardiogram (ECG)-only criteria for confirming CSP capture.
  • To improve accessibility of CSP by removing the need for specialized EP equipment.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of attempted CSP implantations.
  • Assessment of established CSP criteria and ECG-only features.

Main Results:

  • Three ECG-only criteria (terminal S wave in V5-V6, isoelectric ST segment in V6, positive T wave in V5-V6) predict CSP in unpaced patients.
  • These criteria showed 80.4% predictive accuracy, 87.8% sensitivity, and 76.5% specificity when combined with V6-V1 interpeak interval > 44 ms.

Conclusions:

  • CSP capture can be reliably identified using simple ECG markers in patients without prior ventricular pacing.
  • Implementing these ECG criteria can facilitate broader CSP adoption.
  • This approach expands patient access to physiologic pacing strategies by eliminating the need for EP systems.