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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Published on: October 18, 2024

Positive Airway Pressure and Long-Term Glaucoma Risk in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Cohort Study.

Takashi Nishida1, Riya Mittal2, Robert N Weinreb1

  • 1Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.

Ophthalmology. Glaucoma
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to increased glaucoma risk. Patients with OSA using positive airway pressure (PAP) devices showed the highest incidence, suggesting a need for ophthalmic monitoring in OSA patients.

Keywords:
Electronic health recordGlaucomaObstructive sleep apneaPositive airway pressure

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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

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Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition affecting millions.
  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
  • The relationship between OSA and glaucoma requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), positive airway pressure (PAP) device usage, and the incidence of glaucoma.
  • To analyze glaucoma risk in patients with OSA compared to controls.
  • To explore the impact of PAP therapy on glaucoma incidence within an OSA cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study utilizing a large multicenter electronic health record (EHR) database (Epic Cosmos).
  • Inclusion criteria: adults with an index OSA evaluation, no prior glaucoma, and ≥180 days follow-up.
  • Categorization: sleep-tested controls without OSA, OSA without PAP, and OSA with PAP device use within 180 days.

Main Results:

  • The study included over 12.5 million patients with a mean follow-up of 5.2 years.
  • Glaucoma incidence rates per 1,000 person-years were 1.74 (controls), 2.38 (OSA without PAP), and 3.39 (OSA with PAP).
  • Adjusted hazard ratios for incident glaucoma were 1.27 (OSA without PAP) and 2.10 (OSA with PAP) compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a significantly higher risk of developing glaucoma.
  • The study highlights a risk gradient, but cannot definitively determine if PAP therapy influences glaucoma risk due to potential confounding factors.
  • Ophthalmic monitoring is recommended for individuals evaluated or treated for OSA.