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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
Understanding Species and Reproductive Barriers01:17

Understanding Species and Reproductive Barriers

A species is a group of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Typically, individuals of the same species appear similar and share common characteristics due to their highly similar genomes. However, not all organisms that look alike are members of the same species. Various mechanisms keep most species discrete. While some mechanisms prevent reproductive behavior and fertilization (pre-zygotic isolation), others prevent the production of fertile offspring after mating has...
Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing, inherently...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization
06:40

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Published on: October 24, 2025

Fertility Considerations for Gender-Diverse People.

Cory B French1, Randi H Goldman1

  • 1Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwell Health, NY, USA.

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transgender individuals considering gender-affirming care should discuss fertility preservation options before treatment. All reproductive technologies available to cisgender people are accessible to transgender individuals, prioritizing cryopreservation for future family planning.

Keywords:
Assisted reproductive technology (ART)Fertility preservationGender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT)LGBTQIA+Reproductive endocrinologyReproductive justiceTransgender medicine

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization
06:40

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction
12:03

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology
  • Gender-affirming care
  • Medical ethics

Background:

  • Gender-affirming care involves medical interventions that can impact fertility.
  • Reproductive options counseling is crucial for transgender individuals before transition.
  • Fertility preservation methods are available for transgender individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline reproductive options and fertility preservation strategies for individuals pursuing gender-affirming care.
  • To emphasize the availability of all standard fertility treatments for transgender individuals.
  • To guide clinicians in counseling patients on fertility preservation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current fertility preservation and treatment modalities.
  • Analysis of the impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy on fertility.
  • Discussion of collaborative decision-making in reproductive planning.

Main Results:

  • Fertility preservation and treatment options for transgender individuals are equivalent to those for cisgender individuals.
  • Mature oocyte and sperm cryopreservation are recommended as primary fertility preservation methods.
  • Gender-affirming hormone therapy can reduce but not eliminate fertility; it should not be used for contraception.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive reproductive counseling and fertility preservation should be offered to all individuals before gender-affirming medical or surgical transition.
  • Temporary cessation of hormone therapy may be considered for conception, requiring collaborative decision-making.
  • Prioritizing cryopreservation maximizes future reproductive potential for transgender individuals.