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Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions01:30

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions

The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the subthalamic...
Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions01:20

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions

The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain and divides into left and right hemispheres, separated by a deep fissure. The cerebral outer layer of grey matter — the cerebral cortex — comprises elevations called gyri and shallow groves called sulci. The inner portion of white matter includes long nerve fibers known as axons, which connect various areas...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents
07:52

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

Pulvinar Subregions Influence Select Cortical Pathways in Humans.

Jordan A Bilderbeek1, Nicholas M Gregg2, Maria Guadalupe Yanez-Ramos1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers mapped the pulvinar

Keywords:
connectivityelectrical stimulationneuromodulationpulvinarstereoelectroencephalography

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Thalamic Hubs
  • Cortical Connectivity

Background:

  • The pulvinar, a key thalamic hub, has extensive cortical connections influencing information flow.
  • Evolutionary expansion, especially of the medial pulvinar, underscores its importance in human cognition.
  • Pulvinar's role in perception and its potential for neuromodulation warrant detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To causally map the influence of distinct pulvinar subregions on the human cortex.
  • To identify specific cortical networks modulated by different pulvinar areas.
  • To guide the development of pulvinar subregions as targeted neuromodulation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized single-pulse electrical stimulation in 30 patients with stereotactic EEG.
  • Investigated drug-resistant epilepsy patients undergoing monitoring.
  • Analyzed stimulation effects on cortical activity to determine causal influences.

Main Results:

  • Lateral pulvinar stimulation impacted striate and extrastriate cortex.
  • Ventral medial pulvinar stimulation preferentially affected lateral temporal cortices.
  • Dorsomedial pulvinar stimulation influenced parietal cortex, summarized by large-scale cortical gradients.

Conclusions:

  • Pulvinar subregions exert selective influence over specific human cortical networks.
  • These findings provide a causal map of pulvinar-cortical effective connectivity.
  • Maps can inform the use of pulvinar subregions as precise neuromodulation targets.