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Related Concept Videos

Sign Test for Matched Pairs01:17

Sign Test for Matched Pairs

The sign test for matched pairs offers a robust method for comparing two paired samples, often for the effects of an intervention in one of them. This method is very useful in situations where the underlying distribution of the data is unknown. The test compares two related samples—often pre- and post-treatment measurements on the same subjects—to determine if there are significant differences in their median values.
To conduct the sign test, we first calculate the differences in value between...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Training Dogs for Awake, Unrestrained Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
07:59

Training Dogs for Awake, Unrestrained Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: October 13, 2019

Odor-visual and visual-visual matching to sample with dogs.

Timothy L Edwards1, Felicity Campbell-Smith1, Jessica Lints1

  • 1School of Psychological and Social Sciences, University of Waikato, New Zealand.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explored odor-visual matching in dogs, finding it challenging. Dogs performed better on visual-visual matching tasks, suggesting this may be an easier learning task for canine cognition research.

Keywords:
dogserrorless learningmatching to sampleolfactionvisual perception

More Related Videos

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing
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Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing

Published on: January 28, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Training Dogs for Awake, Unrestrained Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
07:59

Training Dogs for Awake, Unrestrained Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: October 13, 2019

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing
05:54

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing

Published on: January 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Animal Behavior
  • Cognitive Science
  • Canine Learning

Background:

  • Matching-to-sample (MTS) procedures are vital for studying learning and behavior.
  • MTS has been infrequently applied to canine subjects.
  • Odor-visual matching presents a novel approach for canine cognitive research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of an odor-visual matching-to-sample (MTS) procedure in dogs.
  • To explore the impact of error-correction and errorless-learning techniques on canine MTS performance.
  • To compare canine performance in odor-visual MTS versus visual-visual matching tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an automated odor delivery system and a touchscreen apparatus for stimulus selection.
  • Implemented standard MTS, error-correction, and errorless-learning procedures across three experiments.
  • Assessed canine accuracy in discriminating between odors and visual stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Dogs showed above-chance accuracy with two odors but struggled with a third.
  • An errorless-learning procedure did not improve, and may have hindered, MTS performance.
  • Canine performance in visual-visual matching was more successful than in odor-visual matching.

Conclusions:

  • Odor-visual matching presents significant challenges for dogs compared to visual-visual matching.
  • Further research is needed to optimize MTS procedures for canine subjects.
  • Visual-visual matching may serve as a more accessible paradigm for studying canine visual discrimination and learning.