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Related Concept Videos

GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins, also known...
GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins, also known...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
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Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons

Published on: June 6, 2025

GGAs: Regulation of Multiple Sorting Pathways and Potential Association With Human Diseases.

Qinqin Wang1,2, Juan Mei1,2, Shuyue Li3,4

  • 1Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Golgi-localized gamma-ear-containing Arf-binding proteins (GGAs) are key to intracellular vesicle trafficking. This review explores their roles in cell processes and potential links to diseases like Alzheimer's and cancer.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseGolgi‐localized gamma‐ear‐containing Arf‐binding proteincancersorting adaptortype 2 diabetes mellitus

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Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells
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Detection of Small GTPase Prenylation and GTP Binding Using Membrane Fractionation and GTPase-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Detection of Small GTPase Prenylation and GTP Binding Using Membrane Fractionation and GTPase-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: November 11, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
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Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells
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Detection of Small GTPase Prenylation and GTP Binding Using Membrane Fractionation and GTPase-linked Immunosorbent Assay
13:51

Detection of Small GTPase Prenylation and GTP Binding Using Membrane Fractionation and GTPase-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: November 11, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Golgi-localized gamma-ear-containing Arf-binding proteins (GGAs) are monomeric clathrin adaptors.
  • GGAs are crucial for intracellular vesicle trafficking and sorting pathways.
  • The three family members (GGA1, GGA2, GGA3) were identified in 2000.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of GGA functions in intracellular vesicle trafficking.
  • To discuss regulatory mechanisms governing GGA activities.
  • To explore the potential implications of GGAs in human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on GGAs.
  • Analysis of GGA involvement in cellular processes.
  • Speculative discussion on disease associations.

Main Results:

  • GGAs play broad roles in intracellular sorting.
  • GGAs are implicated in cell survival, migration, and invasion.
  • Potential associations with Alzheimer's disease, cancers, and type 2 diabetes mellitus are proposed.

Conclusions:

  • GGAs are vital for vesicle trafficking and cellular functions.
  • Understanding GGA roles may illuminate disease pathogenesis.
  • Targeting GGAs could offer therapeutic strategies for various human disorders.