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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Overview of the Vascular System01:20

Overview of the Vascular System

The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

An Endothelial Planar Cell Model for Imaging Immunological Synapse Dynamics
09:25

An Endothelial Planar Cell Model for Imaging Immunological Synapse Dynamics

Published on: December 24, 2015

Endothelial Cells as Antigen-Presenting Cells. An Historical Note.

Domenico Ribatti1

  • 1Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.

Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vascular endothelial cells play a key role in immune responses, including allograft rejection and pathogen defense. These cells facilitate T cell migration and activation, contributing to inflammation and tissue damage.

Keywords:
antigen presenting cellsendothelial cellslymphocytes

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On-Chip Endothelial Inflammatory Phenotyping
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On-Chip Endothelial Inflammatory Phenotyping

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

An Endothelial Planar Cell Model for Imaging Immunological Synapse Dynamics
09:25

An Endothelial Planar Cell Model for Imaging Immunological Synapse Dynamics

Published on: December 24, 2015

Harvest of Endothelial Cells from the Balloon Tips of Swan-Ganz Catheters after Right Heart Catheterization
07:45

Harvest of Endothelial Cells from the Balloon Tips of Swan-Ganz Catheters after Right Heart Catheterization

Published on: January 23, 2019

On-Chip Endothelial Inflammatory Phenotyping
12:43

On-Chip Endothelial Inflammatory Phenotyping

Published on: July 21, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) are critical in immune surveillance and response.
  • VECs are recognized for their roles in allograft rejection, pathogen defense, and lymphocyte trafficking.
  • They are considered 'semiprofessional' antigen-presenting cells due to their ability to co-stimulate T cell responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of VECs in immune processes.
  • To understand the mechanisms by which VECs influence T cell responses and migration.
  • To highlight the contribution of VECs to inflammatory conditions and tissue damage.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies assessing T cell co-stimulation by VECs.
  • In vivo models examining VEC involvement in alloresponses.
  • Analysis of VEC-mediated T cell transendothelial migration and activation.

Main Results:

  • VECs demonstrate capacity for co-stimulation of T cell responses in vitro.
  • Evidence suggests VECs stimulate alloresponses in vivo.
  • VECs promote T cell migration across the endothelium, leading to activation.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular endothelial cells are significant players in immune responses and T cell-mediated processes.
  • VEC activation contributes to tissue damage via increased vascular permeability, edema, and inflammation.
  • Understanding VEC functions is crucial for managing immune-related diseases and inflammatory conditions.