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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Spinal Sonography for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Neuraxial Anesthesia
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Published on: January 31, 2025

Maternal Haemodynamic Changes During Spinal Anaesthesia for Caesarean Section.

Nidhi Agrawal1, Sonal Solanki2, Vacha J Patel3

  • 1Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College, Datia, Datia, IND.

Cureus
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Spinal anesthesia for cesarean sections frequently causes early maternal hypotension. Significant drops in mean arterial pressure (MAP) are linked to needing vasopressors, highlighting the severity of hemodynamic changes.

Keywords:
caesarean sectionhypotensionmean arterial pressurespinal anaesthesiavasopressor

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Spinal anesthesia is preferred for cesarean sections due to its rapid onset and safety.
  • Maternal hypotension is a common complication, potentially compromising uteroplacental perfusion.
  • Predicting hemodynamic instability preoperatively remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate maternal mean arterial pressure (MAP) changes after spinal anesthesia.
  • To determine the incidence and timing of hypotension post-spinal anesthesia.
  • To investigate the association between early MAP decline and vasopressor requirement.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study of 100 parturients undergoing elective cesarean section.
  • Serial measurement of hemodynamic parameters up to 120 minutes post-spinal anesthesia.
  • Analysis of mean arterial pressure (MAP) changes, particularly within the first 30 minutes, and logistic regression for associations.

Main Results:

  • Hypotension occurred in 78% of participants; 34% required vasopressors.
  • Mean arterial pressure (MAP) significantly declined within 5-10 minutes post-spinal, with recovery after 15 minutes.
  • Greater MAP reduction (ΔMAP) was significantly associated with vasopressor requirement (aOR 3.6, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Spinal anesthesia is frequently associated with early maternal hypotension during cesarean delivery.
  • The magnitude of MAP decline correlates with vasopressor need, indicating the severity of hemodynamic compromise.
  • Findings offer insights into perioperative hemodynamic patterns in clinical practice.