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AI-Enabled or Digitally Augmented Adherence Systems for Chronic Care: Smart Pillboxes and Personalized Medication
Raja Waqas1, Kiranjot Kaur2,3,4, Haleema Sadia5
1Regulatory Sciences and Health Safety, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA.
None:
This systematic review included seven studies (randomized controlled trials and observational studies) evaluating AI-enabled and digitally augmented medication adherence interventions in chronic disease populations. A structured search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library up to February 2026. Due to heterogeneity in interventions and outcome measures, a narrative synthesis was performed. Across studies, adherence improvements were reported in several interventions, although findings were inconsistent, and one large randomized trial showed no significant benefit. Evidence for clinical and system-level outcomes was limited and variably reported. These findings suggest potential benefits of digitally supported adherence interventions, but conclusions are constrained by small sample sizes, heterogeneity, and moderate-to-high risk of bias.
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