A Scoping Review of Frameworks for Promoting Employment among Multiply Marginalized People with Disabilities

The purpose of this scoping review was to classify data about existing employment frameworks for people with disabilities, map out research gaps, and provide recommendations that could inform the development of a new national intersectional framework for multiply marginalized people with disabilities (MMPWD) as defined by race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, poverty status, and rural geography. Thematic analysis was used to inductively identify nine overarching domains: (a) legislative and policy mechanisms, (b) interagency and intra-agency collaborations, (c) empowerment of individuals with disabilities, (d) workplace disability participation, (e) career readiness and transition services, (f) inclusive entrepreneurship and wealth creation, (g) fair pay requirements, (h) disability inclusion awareness and advocacy, and (i) intersectional experiences in disability and employment. To address the literature gap and long-standing inequities, there is a critical need for a new framework that can guide disability policy and service, research agencies (e.g., Rehabilitation Services Administration, state vocational rehabilitation agencies, Office of Disability Employment Policy, Social Security Administration, Small Business Administration, National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research, National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation), employers, and researchers in their effort to promote employment and economic security among MMPWD.