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Published on: June 6, 2025
Surface modifications of titanium dental implants: optimizing antibacterial activity and osteoimmunomodulation
Samar Shurbaji1, Ahmed Malki2, Hassaan Anwer Rathore3
1College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|June 4, 2026
Summary
Surface engineering of titanium (Ti) implants enhances osseointegration and combats bacterial colonization. Advanced strategies create multifunctional implants with improved tissue integration and antimicrobial properties for better clinical outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Surface Engineering
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used in dental and orthopedic implants due to excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility.
- However, Ti's bio-inertness leads to slow osseointegration and susceptibility to bacterial adhesion, risking implant failure.
- Addressing these limitations requires strategies for enhanced tissue integration and antimicrobial capabilities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review innovative Ti surface engineering strategies over the past 15 years.
- To focus on developing multifunctional implants with high osseointegration and antimicrobial properties.
- To explore advanced physiochemical approaches and their impact on osteoimmunology and smart surface design.
Main Methods:
- Review of conventional methods (etching, grit blasting) and advanced physiochemical approaches.
- Analysis of nanoscale modification, biomimetic functionalization, and stimuli-responsive technologies.
- Discussion of strategies modifying surface topography, charge, and wettability, including inorganic and organic modifications.
Main Results:
- Surface modifications can enhance osseointegration and limit bacterial colonization.
- Strategies include topographical, inorganic, and organic modifications to tailor surface properties.
- Osteoimmunology plays a role, with modifications potentially promoting anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization.
- Smart surface designs offer on-demand drug release or antimicrobial activation.
Conclusions:
- Multifunctional Ti implants are crucial for overcoming current limitations in dental and orthopedic applications.
- Advanced surface engineering, including osteoimmunomodulation and smart responsive designs, shows significant promise.
- Further research is needed on long-term clinical data, mechanical stability, and nano-toxicity for successful translation.
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