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Related Concept Videos

Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Automated Microbial Diagnostics01:24

Automated Microbial Diagnostics

Automated diagnostic analyzers have transformed clinical microbiology by providing rapid and reliable methods for pathogen identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Among these systems, the Vitek 2 is widely used because it automates the traditionally labor-intensive processes of microbial identification (ID) and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST), delivering standardized and timely results that are essential for effective patient care.Microbial Identification with ID CardsThe...
Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications01:09

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each indication due to...
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

Overview
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

Evaluation of antimicrobial orders with expanded indication for use.

Michael Carlone1, Jill Wesolowski1, Samantha Loutzenheiser1

  • 1Cleveland Clinic Main Campus Hospital: Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.

Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology : ASHE
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Requiring infectious source selection for antimicrobial orders improved tracking for antimicrobial stewardship. This quality improvement project found high concordance between selected and documented sources, supporting targeted interventions.

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Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

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Application of the Intelligent High-Throughput Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing/Phage Screening System and Lar Index of Antimicrobial Resistance
09:59

Application of the Intelligent High-Throughput Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing/Phage Screening System and Lar Index of Antimicrobial Resistance

Published on: July 21, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Health Services Research
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Antimicrobial stewardship programs are crucial for combating antimicrobial resistance.
  • Accurate tracking of antimicrobial orders requires detailed indication data.
  • Identifying the infectious source is key for appropriate antimicrobial therapy selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effect of mandatory infectious source selection on systemic antimicrobial orders.
  • To enhance antimicrobial stewardship tracking capabilities.
  • To evaluate the utility of structured source selection for quality improvement.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter quality improvement project involving 17 hospitals and 21 emergency departments.
  • Analysis of 57,118 inpatient and emergency department antimicrobial orders placed during September 2024.
  • Evaluation of primary outcome (prevalence of selected infectious sources) and secondary outcomes (indication frequency, free-text use, concordance).

Main Results:

  • Empiric indication accounted for the majority (71%) of antimicrobial orders.
  • The most frequent infectious sources identified were respiratory (23%), urinary/renal (19%), and skin/soft tissue (16%).
  • High concordance (95%) was observed between selected and documented sources, with limited free-text use (2.6%).

Conclusions:

  • Mandatory infectious source selection provides valuable data for antimicrobial stewardship.
  • The findings support the integration of structured source selection into routine antimicrobial ordering processes.
  • This approach facilitates targeted stewardship interventions and improves antimicrobial use surveillance.