Preventive Measures against Avian Influenza Infection in Humans in the Republic of Korea, 2024-2025

The present report summarizes the key measures and outcomes implemented by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) during the 2024-2025 season (October 1, 2024-September 11, 2025) to prevent human infection with avian influenza (AI). It also provides evidence for future preparedness and responses to emerging influenza.

AI human infection, a Category I National Notifiable Infectious Disease, is mainly transmitted through contact with infected animals or contaminated environments. The KDCA operated a Central AI Human Infection Response Task Force, supported local governments, and strengthened One Health collaboration with the MAFRA (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs) and the MCEE (Ministry of Climate, Energy and Environment). Primary actions encompassed seasonal influenza vaccination for AI responders; updated guidelines; three joint ministerial meetings; reinforced hotline operations, newly established joint field training; and training programs for AI responders.

During the 2024-2025 season, 52 cases of highly pathogenic AI were reported in poultry, 43 cases in wild birds, and 1 case in a wild mammal (leopard cat). A total of 7,790 high-risk individuals were placed under a 10-day active surveillance. All suspected cases tested negative, and no human infections were confirmed. Detection of AI in a wild mammal, along with the persistent global risk, prompted the KDCA to expand its task force to a year-round system in 2025 and strengthen inter-ministerial collaboration.

Relative to previous season, highly pathogenic avian influenza cases increased from 51 to 96, and the number of high-risk contacts rose markedly from 3,986 to 7,790 cases; however, the 2024-2025 season concluded with no confirmed human case. The KDCA will continue One Health-based preparedness to prevent human AI infection.