Diet-dependent sleep modulation by the Drosophila amino acid transporter ANIDRA

Sleep is a conserved animal behavior necessary for survival. It is under tight circadian and homeostatic control, and modulated by diet. Here, we identify the amino acid transporter ANIDRA (ANID) as an important sleep regulator in Drosophila . Flies lacking ANID show decreased and poorly consolidated daytime and nighttime sleep. Contrary to wild-type controls, anid mutant flies are unable to adjust their sleep to their diet, behaving as if they were constantly on a complete diet rich in amino acids. ANID is expressed in ensheathing and cortex glia, where it inhibits mTOR activity in a diet-dependent manner. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR attenuates the anid mutant sleep phenotypes. Interestingly, DH44-expressing brain neurons, which promote arousal and sense amino acids, are constantly active in ANID's absence. We therefore propose that ANID mediates detection of dietary amino acids by ensheathing and cortex glia to regulate the activity of arousal-promoting neurons.