Bioinspired Multi-Protective Wearables With Hybrid Nanoclusters for Enhanced Wear Resistance and Performance...

Multi-protective wearables, which integrate flexible fabric substrates with conductive materials, have gained considerable attention due to their potential across a wide range of applications. However, their practical adoption is often hindered by the high hydrophilicity of these components. Here, we present a bioinspired approach utilizing in situ mineralization of copper sulfide nanospheres alongside polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-derived organic-inorganic hybrid nanoclusters (HNs). The resulting wearable exhibits high mechanical durability and abrasion resistance, while simultaneously providing integrated tri-modal personal thermal management, efficient electromagnetic interference shielding (48 dB), and superhydrophobicity (153.4°). Among the thermal system, near-infrared irradiation produces the fastest heating response: at 0.5 W/cm², the material achieves a temperature increase of 25°C within 10 s and reaches 62°C after 30 s. Under visible-light irradiation, the material achieves a higher steady-state temperature of up to 76°C, indicating efficient solar-energy utilization in the visible range. Joule heating provides stable output in the absence of light; at 4 V DC, the system stably maintains a temperature of ∼ 70°C. Together, these three modes enable adaptive thermal regulation under varied conditions. The HNs coating protect the underlying conductive network, improving long-term stability and preserving sensing responsiveness. In addition, the bioinspired surface shows markedly enhanced abrasion resistance compared with commercial polydimethylsiloxane, retaining superhydrophobicity even after 40 sandblasting cycles. Overall, this work presents a bioinspired route toward multi-protective wearables with improved wear resistance and performance stability.