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Related Concept Videos

Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management01:17

Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management

Endotracheal intubation is a critical procedure that can be lifesaving for many patients with respiratory distress or failure. The role of nursing in managing endotracheal tubes is pivotal, as it involves pre-intubation preparation, assisting during the procedure, and post-extubation care.
1. Nursing Care of Patients Before Intubation
Before the endotracheal intubation procedure, nurses play an essential role in ensuring the process goes smoothly. The nurses must be familiar with intubation...
Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure01:15

Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure

Endotracheal or ET intubation is a critical medical procedure used to secure a patient's airway, often in acute respiratory distress, apnea, upper airway obstruction, ineffective clearance of secretions, high risk for aspiration, or during general anesthesia.
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...
Endotracheal Tube Extubation01:24

Endotracheal Tube Extubation

Endotracheal tube extubation is a critical procedure in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. It involves physically removing the oral or nasal endotracheal (ET) tube, marking the final step in liberating a patient from ventilatory support.
Procedure
Extubation removes the endotracheal tube (ETT) from the patient on mechanical ventilation. It requires a well-coordinated, multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other healthcare professionals.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway interventions are...
Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps01:16

Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps

A tracheostomy is a surgical technique that involves making an incision in the neck to provide access to the trachea. It is frequently used in medical conditions such as airway obstruction and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Effective nursing management is crucial for the long-term success of a tracheostomy.
Required Equipment
The equipment necessary for tracheostomy care includes:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Endotracheal Intubation via Tracheotomy and Subsequent Thoracotomy in Rats for Non-Survival Applications
04:43

Endotracheal Intubation via Tracheotomy and Subsequent Thoracotomy in Rats for Non-Survival Applications

Published on: March 15, 2024

Reframing Risk: Intubation Time Outweighs Tracheostomy in Predicting Neurodevelopment in Severe BPD.

Ben Hirsch1, Alexander Szymczak1, Ashley Young2

  • 1Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

The Laryngoscope
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prolonged intubation, not tracheostomy, is linked to poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Further research is needed to see if early tracheostomy improves long-term results.

Keywords:
BPDinfantsintubationneurodevelopmenttracheostomy

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Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
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Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Endotracheal Intubation via Tracheotomy and Subsequent Thoracotomy in Rats for Non-Survival Applications
04:43

Endotracheal Intubation via Tracheotomy and Subsequent Thoracotomy in Rats for Non-Survival Applications

Published on: March 15, 2024

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant cause of chronic lung disease in premature infants, often necessitating prolonged respiratory support.
  • The impact of interventions like intubation and tracheostomy on neurodevelopmental outcomes in severe BPD patients is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the independent association between tracheostomy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with severe BPD.
  • To differentiate the effects of tracheostomy from those of prolonged intubation on cognitive and motor development.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of infants with severe BPD (2001 NIH criteria) treated between 2011-2023.
  • Case-matching of tracheostomy-dependent (n=25) to non-tracheostomy-dependent (n=50) BPD patients by gestational age and sex.
  • Analysis of Bayley neurodevelopmental scores using univariate and multivariate regression, adjusting for relevant covariates.

Main Results:

  • Tracheostomy-dependent patients experienced significantly longer intubation durations (114 vs. 66 days).
  • Prolonged intubation (>50 days) was independently associated with lower Bayley cognitive (-8.49 points) and motor (-11.03 points) scores.
  • Tracheostomy status itself was not independently associated with cognitive or motor outcomes (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Prolonged intubation, rather than tracheostomy placement, is linked to adverse neurocognitive and motor outcomes in infants with severe BPD.
  • Prospective studies are warranted to explore if early tracheostomy, to reduce intubation duration, can enhance long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.