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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of cells.
Two...
G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

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GPCR Desensitization01:12

GPCR Desensitization

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling plays a crucial role in cell functioning. GPCR desensitization is an equally essential process. It allows cells to respond to changing environments and regain sensitivity to new stimuli while preventing unnecessary stimulation when no longer needed. Prolonged exposure to stimuli leads to GPCR desensitization. It involves blocking the receptors from binding and activating additional G proteins. This inhibits activation of downstream effectors, thereby...
Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood
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Published on: April 28, 2016

Recent developments in GPCR signalling in appetite regulation.

Holly R Brittain1,2, Caroline M Gorvin1,2

  • 1Department of Metabolism and Systems Science, School of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K.

Bioscience Reports
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are crucial for regulating appetite and energy balance. This review highlights twelve GPCRs involved in appetite control, exploring their roles in weight management and potential therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
Appetite regulationG-protein-coupled receptorsobesity

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

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Published on: April 28, 2016

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Published on: May 3, 2012

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12:09

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Published on: March 19, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Appetite regulation is key to energy balance, influenced by brain circuits.
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are vital transmembrane proteins involved in appetite control.
  • GPCRs mediate signals from hormones like ghrelin and neurotransmitters like serotonin, impacting satiety and reward.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review twelve G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with significant roles in appetite regulation.
  • To focus on recent advancements (last 5-10 years) in understanding these GPCRs.
  • To evaluate their relevance to human obesity and potential as therapeutic targets for weight management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications (last 5-10 years).
  • Analysis of evidence from animal models of obesity and human genetic studies.
  • Discussion of proposed mechanisms of action for each GPCR.

Main Results:

  • Twelve specific GPCRs identified with critical roles in appetite and energy balance.
  • Evidence linking GPCRs to pathways like leptin-melanocortin and ghrelin signaling.
  • Identification of several GPCRs, including orphan receptors, implicated in weight gain and appetite.

Conclusions:

  • GPCRs are central to appetite regulation and energy homeostasis.
  • Recent research has elucidated the physiological roles of numerous GPCRs in weight management.
  • Targeting specific GPCRs offers promising therapeutic strategies for treating obesity and related disorders.