State-of-the-Art Analytical Techniques for Quantifying DPP-4 Inhibitor Combinations: A Critical Review

Regulatory agencies often require a comprehensive analysis of drug combinations for safety and efficacy assessments before approving new pharmaceutical products. Simultaneous estimation helps demonstrate compliance with regulatory standards. The analysis of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in combination is essential for evaluating the efficacy and safety of combination therapies, optimizing dosages, ensuring product quality, and understanding pharmacokinetics. A thorough analysis of DPP-4 inhibitors, when used in combination with other drugs for managing diabetes, was conducted. The review places emphasis on a range of analytical and bioanalytical methodologies, encompassing spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, to evaluate combinations of DPP-4 inhibitors across diverse sample types. The analysis of a variety of techniques offers insights to researchers and healthcare experts involved in diabetes care, thereby making meaningful contributions to ongoing research and clinical applications in this field. This article reports that more than 70 combinations involving DPP-4 inhibitors with other drugs have been reported. The methods persist in using harmful solvents like methanol and acetonitrile. Therefore, it is advisable to explore alternative approaches for the assessment of combinations of DPP-4 inhibitors, with a specific focus on the utilization of eco-friendly, or "green" solvents.