Nanofibrous Bioabsorbable Functionalized Scaffolds Augment Subcutaneous Islet Engraftment and Function in Mice

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Endocrinology

Background:

• The subcutaneous space is a potential site for islet transplantation to treat type 1 diabetes.
• Developing a vascularized niche is crucial for successful islet engraftment and function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate nanofibrous bioabsorbable functionalized scaffolds (BAFS) for creating a vascularized subcutaneous niche to support islet transplantation.
• To assess the efficacy of BAFS in promoting vascularization and islet graft survival in a mouse model.

Main Methods:

• Electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and gelatin scaffolds functionalized with vascular endothelial growth factor and laminin were implanted in the subcutaneous space of mice.
• Vascularization was assessed by quantifying lectin, smooth muscle actin, and CD31 positive cells.
• Neonatal porcine islets were transplanted into diabetic mice with BAFS, and glycemic control was monitored.

Main Results:

• BAFS significantly enhanced vascularization in the subcutaneous space compared to control groups.
• Islet recipients with BAFS achieved normoglycemia faster and maintained higher serum porcine insulin levels.
• The BAFS supported long-term islet graft survival, indicating successful engraftment and function.

Conclusions:

• Nanofibrous BAFS effectively create a vascularized subcutaneous niche that supports islet engraftment and long-term function.
• This approach offers a promising and tunable alternative site for beta-cell replacement therapies in treating type 1 diabetes.