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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Murine Experimental Model of Original Tumor Development and Peritoneal Metastasis via Orthotopic Inoculation with Ovarian Carcinoma Cells

Murine Experimental Model of Original Tumor Development and Peritoneal Metastasis via Orthotopic Inoculation with Ovarian Carcinoma Cells

Published on: December 9, 2016

Substantial PM_2.5-Related Health Gains from Large-Scale Migration in China.

Dong Xie^1,2,3, Huizhong Shen^2,3, Ruixin Zhang^2,3

¹School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.

Environmental Science & Technology

|June 4, 2026

Summary

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Migration

Migration

Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.

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Drivers and Urban-Rural Disparities of PM<sub>2</sub>.<sub>5</sub>-Related Health Burden: Emerging Inequality Challenges under China's Air-Quality Management.

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Rural-to-urban migration in China significantly reduced air pollution exposure and prevented millions of deaths. This shift in household energy use, driven by migration, highlights unexpected environmental health benefits of urbanization.

Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Demography
Public Health

Background:

Urbanization drives significant rural-to-urban migration, altering household energy use and air pollution exposure.
The health impacts of combined indoor and outdoor air pollution due to migration are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify migration-attributable changes in integrated (indoor + outdoor) PM2.5 exposure.
To estimate the impact of migration on mortality over seven decades.

Main Methods:

Coupled a seven-decade migration reconstruction (1949-2021) with nationwide household energy surveys.
Quantified changes in integrated PM2.5 exposure and mortality relative to a no-migration scenario.

Main Results:

Keywords:

ambient PM2.5 household energy consumption indoor air pollution migration urbanization

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Murine Experimental Model of Original Tumor Development and Peritoneal Metastasis via Orthotopic Inoculation with Ovarian Carcinoma Cells

Murine Experimental Model of Original Tumor Development and Peritoneal Metastasis via Orthotopic Inoculation with Ovarian Carcinoma Cells

Published on: December 9, 2016

Migration reduced integrated PM2.5 exposure by 27.6 μg·m-3 in 2019 compared to a no-migration scenario.
Cumulatively avoided 2.3 million deaths since 1949, with indoor exposure reductions being the primary driver.
Health gains were significant even in intermediate development stages.

Conclusions:

Rural-urban migration in China has led to substantial reductions in air pollution exposure and mortality.
These findings challenge the notion that urbanization is solely detrimental to environmental health in developing economies.
Similar health benefits may be achievable in other transitioning economies worldwide.