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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Assessment of Perigenital Sensitivity and Prostatic Mast Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Maternal Separation
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Published on: August 13, 2015

Interstitial Cystitis and Dietary Interventions: A Systematic Review.

Farouq Bahaa Alahmed1,2, Alexander Hall3, Stephen Rhodes4

  • 1Urology Institute, University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. alahmedfarouq@gmail.com.

International Urogynecology Journal
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individualized elimination diets may improve interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome symptoms. However, current evidence is limited, necessitating larger, longer trials for definitive dietary recommendations.

Keywords:
Bladder pain syndromeDietary interventionElimination dietInterstitial cystitisRandomized controlled trialSystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a prevalent condition significantly impacting daily life.
  • Dietary modifications are frequently recommended for IC/BPS management, but robust scientific evidence remains fragmented.
  • The effectiveness of various dietary interventions requires systematic evaluation to guide clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically compare the efficacy of different dietary interventions for managing IC/BPS symptoms.
  • To evaluate the hypothesis that individualized elimination diets offer superior symptom relief compared to other dietary approaches.
  • To assess the current state of randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence for dietary interventions in IC/BPS.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus) through March 2025.
  • Primary outcomes included validated symptom scales: Genitourinary Pain Index (GUPI), O'Leary-Sant Symptom/Problem Index (OSSI/OSPI), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain.
  • Data from 147 participants across four studies were analyzed using Hedges' g effect sizes, with a structured narrative synthesis due to heterogeneity.

Main Results:

  • Individualized elimination diets significantly reduced OSSI and OSPI scores at 12 months, with notable improvements in pain.
  • Anti-inflammatory diets did not demonstrate significant differences in key symptom scores (RAND IC, GUPI) compared to control.
  • E-health-supported dietary coaching showed moderate improvements in VAS pain and urgency, while hydrogen-rich water had no significant effects.

Conclusions:

  • Individualized elimination diets show potential for symptom benefit in IC/BPS management.
  • Anti-inflammatory diets and hydrogen-rich water lack clear evidence of efficacy in small, short-term trials.
  • Larger, adequately powered RCTs of 6-12 months duration are crucial to establish definitive recommendations for dietary interventions in IC/BPS.