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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow specific...
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells
14:02

Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells

Published on: April 9, 2018

Artificial Transmembrane Channels for Selective Ascorbic Acid Transport and Bioorthogonal Signal Transduction.

Linlin Shi1, Jingjing Ma1, Linshuang Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed artificial organic nanotubes that form channels for selective ascorbic acid (AA) transport across cell membranes. These channels enable AA to trigger bioorthogonal reactions, converting chemical signals into fluorescence in biomimetic systems.

Keywords:
artificial channelsascorbic acidcyclodextrinssupramolecular chemistrytransmembrane transport

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A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
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A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

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A Fluorescence-Based Assay of Membrane Potential for High-Throughput Functional Study of Two Endogenous Ion Channels in Two Epithelial Cell Lines
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A Fluorescence-Based Assay of Membrane Potential for High-Throughput Functional Study of Two Endogenous Ion Channels in Two Epithelial Cell Lines

Published on: June 22, 2022

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells
14:02

Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells

Published on: April 9, 2018

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
11:56

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

Published on: April 11, 2014

A Fluorescence-Based Assay of Membrane Potential for High-Throughput Functional Study of Two Endogenous Ion Channels in Two Epithelial Cell Lines
06:59

A Fluorescence-Based Assay of Membrane Potential for High-Throughput Functional Study of Two Endogenous Ion Channels in Two Epithelial Cell Lines

Published on: June 22, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Chemical Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Ascorbic acid (AA) is vital for physiological functions, with its transport regulated by natural proteins.
  • Understanding and controlling AA transport is crucial for cellular homeostasis and therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer artificial transmembrane channels for selective ascorbic acid transport.
  • To investigate the potential of these channels in initiating bioorthogonal reactions and signal transduction.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of discrete covalent organic nanotubes to form artificial transmembrane channels.
  • X-ray structural analysis to determine channel architecture and pore size.
  • Vesicle-based fluorescence assays to confirm AA transport and bioorthogonal reaction initiation.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized organic nanotubes formed stable channels in lipid bilayers with near-nanometer pore sizes.
  • These channels demonstrated efficient and selective transport of ascorbic acid.
  • AA transport through the artificial channels successfully initiated bioorthogonal reactions, generating a fluorescent signal.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial transmembrane channels from covalent organic nanotubes offer a novel method for controlled ascorbic acid transport.
  • This technology provides a platform for developing responsive biomimetic systems and chemical sensors.