AMGST: Adaptive multi-graph convolution and spatiotemporal attention network for traffic forecasting

Traffic forecasting is crucial for optimizing traffic management and control strategies. As a powerful approach for analyzing and mining graph-structured data, graph convolution has shown great potential in traffic prediction. However, it still struggles to fully capture global spatial correlations and long-term dynamic temporal dependencies inherent in spatiotemporal traffic patterns. Moreover, the quality of the graph structure directly affects the extraction of these correlations. To address these challenges, we propose AMGST, an Adaptive Multi-Graph Convolution and Spatiotemporal Multi-Head Self-Attention Network for traffic forecasting. AMGST integrates an Adaptive Spatiotemporal Embedding (ASTE) generator, a multi-graph diffusion convolution module, and a spatiotemporal attention mechanism. First, dynamic spatiotemporal representations are generated using the ASTE module. Then, the multi-graph diffusion convolution leverages both a maximum mutual information coefficient matrix and an adaptive matrix to extract fine-grained spatial features. A global spatial attention mechanism is applied to capture dynamic spatial correlations, while a temporal attention module models nonlinear temporal dependencies. Experimental results on four public traffic datasets, including both speed and flow measurements, demonstrate that AMGST consistently surpasses the baselines, confirming its effectiveness in providing accurate traffic forecasts.