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Ethics in Research01:56

Ethics in Research

Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
Dual Nature of Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation01:10

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Electromagnetic (EM) radiation consists of electric and magnetic field components oscillating in planes perpendicular to each other and mutually perpendicular to radiation propagation through space. EM radiation can be classified as a wave, characterized by the properties of waves such as wavelength (denoted as λ) and frequency (represented by ν).
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Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives
10:33

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Published on: February 20, 2016

Dual-use research under scrutiny.

Seokbeom Kwon1

  • 1School of Business and Technology Management, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Strengthened US oversight of dual-use research faces jurisdictional limits and costs for domestic science. This policy impacts scientific advancement and regulatory frameworks.

Area of Science:

  • Biosecurity and scientific policy
  • Oversight of scientific research

Background:

  • Dual-use research (DUR) presents complex challenges for scientific oversight.
  • Existing US regulatory frameworks for DUR are evolving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the potential jurisdictional limitations of strengthened US oversight for dual-use research.
  • To assess the economic and operational costs imposed on domestic scientific endeavors by such oversight.

Main Methods:

  • Policy analysis of current and proposed US regulations.
  • Economic impact assessment on scientific institutions.
  • Jurisdictional analysis of regulatory authority.

Main Results:

  • US oversight of dual-use research encounters increasing jurisdictional challenges.

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  • Implementation of strengthened oversight incurs significant costs for domestic science.
  • Potential for regulatory fragmentation and reduced scientific competitiveness.
  • Conclusions:

    • Strengthened US oversight of dual-use research may be constrained by jurisdictional issues.
    • The associated costs could hinder domestic scientific progress and innovation.
    • A balanced approach is needed to ensure security without stifling scientific advancement.