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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
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Acidity difference and skin Staphylococcus spp. colonization in preterm and term newborns.

Osdatilla Esa Putri1, Suci Widhiati1, Prasetyadi Mawardi1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Aesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University / Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia.

Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica, Et Adriatica
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Summary

Preterm newborns exhibit higher skin pH and increased Staphylococcus colonization compared to term newborns. These findings highlight differences in neonatal skin barrier function and susceptibility to bacterial infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Dermatology
  • Microbiology
  • Pediatric Skin Health

Background:

  • Neonatal skin structure differs between term and preterm infants, impacting susceptibility to disorders.
  • Preterm infants possess skin structures more vulnerable to various dermatological conditions.
  • These structural variations may influence skin pH regulation and bacterial colonization, specifically Staphylococcus species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differences in skin acidity (pH) between preterm and term newborns.
  • To compare the colonization patterns of Staphylococcus species on the skin of preterm and term neonates.
  • To understand the implications of these differences on neonatal skin health and infection risk.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was conducted.
  • Skin pH and Staphylococcus species colonization were assessed in term (37-41 weeks) and preterm (28-36 weeks) newborns within 24 hours of birth.
  • Skin pH was measured using a pH meter, and bacterial colonization was quantified using colony-forming unit (CFU) testing.

Main Results:

  • The study included 16 preterm and 13 term newborns.
  • Eighty percent of preterm infants presented with alkaline skin pH, contrasting with 71% of term infants showing acidic skin pH.
  • Staphylococcus species colonization was more prevalent in preterm infants (62%) compared to term infants (38%).

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences in skin pH were observed between preterm and term newborns, with preterm infants exhibiting higher pH levels.
  • Staphylococcus species colonization rates were notably higher in the preterm newborn group.
  • These findings underscore distinct skin barrier characteristics and infection susceptibilities in preterm infants.