Multicomponent analysis of dialysis fluid for enhanced biomedical monitoring through FT-IR spectroscopy

Analysis of dialysis fluid using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was evaluated as a real-time approach for monitoring metabolic clearance during dialysis. Combined with absorbance and second-derivative spectral analysis, this method provides enhanced spectral resolution and reliable detection of key metabolites, including urea, creatinine, glucose, and sodium lactate. Metabolic clearance behavior was assessed through absorbance trends and intensity variations across selected spectral regions. The results demonstrated that FT-IR spectroscopy successfully differentiated these metabolites and effectively monitored the efficient removal of metabolites in real dialysis samples within a short time. Urea concentrations as low as 1-2 mg/mL (100-200 mg/dL) were detected using the absorption band at 1159 cm^-1, attributed to the -NH₂ rocking vibrations. Compared with conventional analytical techniques, FT-IR offers a rapid, reagent-free alternative that requires no additional invasive procedures while keeping sample preparation to a minimum. The strong correlation between spectral changes and metabolic profiles highlights its potential for clinical use in both hospital-based and home dialysis applications.