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Related Concept Videos

Overview of the Vascular System01:20

Overview of the Vascular System

The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
Anatomy of Blood Vessels01:20

Anatomy of Blood Vessels

The vascular system, an integral part of the circulatory system, comprises various blood vessels that play crucial roles in maintaining the body's homeostasis. These blood vessels form a complex and efficient circulatory network. The three primary categories of blood vessels are the arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Arteries
Arteries circulate oxygenated blood from the heart, except the pulmonary artery, which transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Large arteries, such as the aorta, have...
Vascular Resistance01:20

Vascular Resistance

Vascular resistance is a critical concept in understanding blood flow dynamics in the circulatory system. It refers to the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels. This resistance is a key factor in determining blood pressure and cardiac workload.
The primary determinants of vascular resistance are vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and vessel length. Among these, vessel diameter plays the most significant role due to the fourth power relationship described by...
Structure of Blood Vessels01:15

Structure of Blood Vessels

Blood is circulated throughout the human body through a network of blood vessels called the circulatory system. This system includes arteries that transport blood from the heart to various body parts. These arterial pathways divide into smaller vessels until they reach the arterioles, which further split into capillaries. It is within these minuscule capillaries that the exchange of nutrients and waste products takes place. After this exchange, the blood is collected by venules, which fuse to...
Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Aortic Ring Assay
09:12

Aortic Ring Assay

Published on: November 24, 2009

Contemporary Approach to Vascular Rings.

Roderick W Yang1, Lee M Fuentes2, Davi F Tenorio2

  • 1Department of Surgery, University Hospital Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Contemporary vascular ring repair is safe and effective, with prenatal diagnosis leading to earlier surgery and favorable outcomes. Early intervention for specific vascular rings, like right aortic arch with left ligamentum, shows significant benefits.

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Aortic Ring Assay
09:12

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09:38

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The Assembly and Application of 'Shear Rings': A Novel Endothelial Model for Orbital, Unidirectional and Periodic Fluid Flow and Shear Stress
09:20

The Assembly and Application of 'Shear Rings': A Novel Endothelial Model for Orbital, Unidirectional and Periodic Fluid Flow and Shear Stress

Published on: October 31, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Congenital Heart Disease
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Vascular rings are rare congenital anomalies causing airway or esophageal compression.
  • Improved imaging has increased diagnosis rates, but surgical outcomes need further reporting.
  • This study evaluates surgical repair outcomes for vascular rings over seven years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review early and midterm surgical outcomes of vascular ring repairs.
  • To examine the impact of diagnosis timing on patient outcomes.
  • To assess the safety and efficacy of contemporary surgical techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing vascular ring repair (2018-2025).
  • Data collected on demographics, diagnosis, surgical techniques, and complications.
  • Survival analysis used for reoperation-free intervals.

Main Results:

  • 77 patients underwent 78 repairs, most commonly for right aortic arch with left ligamentum (51%) or double aortic arch (44%).
  • Prenatal diagnosis (73%) led to significantly earlier surgery (9.1 vs. 32.6 months).
  • Low complication rates observed: 0% mortality, 7.7% chylothorax, 5.1% reoperation; 3-year freedom from reoperation was 98.3%.

Conclusions:

  • Contemporary vascular ring repair is safe and effective, even in young, prenatally diagnosed infants.
  • Early surgical intervention, especially for right aortic arch with left ligamentum, yields favorable outcomes.
  • This study supports timely surgical management for improved patient results.