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Related Concept Videos

Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich with the analogy of...
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Fluid Mosaic Model

The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.LipidsThe most...
Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
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Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.Fatty acids tails of phospholipids can be either saturated or...
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Membrane Domains

The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...

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Realistic Membrane Modeling Using Complex Lipid Mixtures in Simulation Studies
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Published on: September 1, 2023

A structure-derived compositional framework for interpreting membrane permeability via relative interaction balance.

Ken Yoshioka1

  • 1Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new multidimensional framework to interpret drug membrane permeability, moving beyond traditional descriptors. It reveals permeability as a continuum of interactions, aiding drug discovery and biopharmaceutical evaluation.

Keywords:
Biopharmaceutics classification systemDrug absorptionHansen solubility parametersMembrane permeabilityPhysicochemical descriptorsStructure–property relationships

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Area of Science:

  • * Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • * Physical Chemistry
  • * Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • * Membrane permeability is crucial for oral drug absorption and the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS).
  • * Conventional structure-based descriptors like lipophilicity and polar surface area have limitations in predicting permeability.
  • * Compounds with similar descriptors can exhibit varied permeability, highlighting the need for improved interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To develop a unified, multidimensional representation of physicochemical descriptors derived solely from molecular structure.
  • * To explore the spatial organization of compounds within this representation and its relation to permeability.
  • * To provide a structure-derived physicochemical context for understanding permeability variability.

Main Methods:

  • * Reorganization of commonly used physicochemical descriptors into a unified multidimensional framework.
  • * Analysis of compound spatial organization based on dispersive, polar, and hydrogen-bonding interactions.
  • * Evaluation of the framework's organization against established classification systems without using experimental data.

Main Results:

  • * Compounds exhibit a continuous spatial organization where permeability characteristics emerge from interaction balances.
  • * Similar Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) classes occupy overlapping regions, with ambiguous classifications near transitional areas.
  • * Compounds in BCS Classes II and IV show distinct positional tendencies within the new representation, despite overlap in conventional projections.

Conclusions:

  • * Drug membrane permeability is better interpreted as a continuum of interaction balances rather than discrete categories.
  • * The developed framework offers a structure-derived context for organizing compounds and interpreting permeability variability.
  • * This approach complements existing classification systems and aids in drug discovery and biopharmaceutical evaluation.