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Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules

A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules

Published on: May 19, 2023

Diagnostic Uncertainty & Improving Diagnostic Certainty in Radiology.

Ariadne K DeSimone¹, Francis Deng², Bryan Kirk³

¹Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (A.K.D.).

Academic Radiology

|June 4, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnostic uncertainty in radiology is driven by several factors. Strategies to improve diagnostic certainty involve quality improvement, AI, education, and better communication for clinicians and patients.

Keywords:

Communication Diagnostic certainty Diagnostic uncertainty Radiology Value

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A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules

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Guidelines and Experience Using Imaging Biomarker Explorer (IBEX) for Radiomics

Guidelines and Experience Using Imaging Biomarker Explorer (IBEX) for Radiomics

Published on: January 8, 2018

Area of Science:

Radiology
Medical Imaging
Diagnostic Certainty

Background:

The Association of Academic Radiology's Radiology Research Alliance (AAR-RRA) addresses future trends in radiology.
Diagnostic uncertainty is a significant challenge in clinical radiology practice.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the causes of diagnostic uncertainty in radiology.
To identify strategies for improving and communicating diagnostic certainty.

Main Methods:

Targeted literature review.
Expert insights from medical students, residents, and radiologists across subspecialties.

Main Results:

Key drivers of diagnostic uncertainty were identified.
Evidence-informed recommendations for improving diagnostic certainty were synthesized.

Conclusions:

Strategies include quality improvement, research, artificial intelligence (AI) integration, education, and report standardization.
Effective communication of uncertainty to clinicians and patients is emphasized.