Living buildings with living electronics: towards biologically intelligent biohybrids

Harnessing the innate growth, self-repair, and adaptive capabilities of living systems within engineered devices could transform static buildings via domestic infrastructures into dynamic, self-sustaining platforms. Electroactive biofilms (EABs) provide a unique interface for this vision, naturally converting organic matter into electricity, treating wastewater, and processing complex information. Recent breakthroughs in synthetic biology and artificial intelligence now allow EABs to be programmed as biologically intelligent components-such as living transistors and logic processors-rather than simple biocatalysts. This opinion article outlines a roadmap for transitioning EAB-enabled hybrid biological-artificial systems from laboratory prototypes into integrated architectures for decentralised resource recovery. Ultimately, these bio-intelligent technologies enable a circular economy in which buildings function as metabolic organisms, redefining our relationship with the built environment.