Diagnostic and interventional imaging of osteoid osteoma: State-of-the-art

Osteoid osteoma is a common benign bone tumor that typically involves the diaphysis of long bones, though it can also occur in epiphyseal or intracapsular locations, which can make diagnosis difficult. Imaging relies on identifying a nidus, of variable appearance, associated with reactive sclerosis and bone marrow or soft-tissue edema. While radiographs are often the first step, they lack sensitivity. Computed tomography, and especially ultra-high-resolution computed tomography, is essential for nidus detection, and magnetic resonance imaging, particularly dynamic contrast-enhanced images, provides complementary diagnostic value. Treatment emphasizes the effectiveness of minimally invasive techniques, which are safe, cost-effective, and associated with minimal functional impairment. Unlike most review articles that focus on specific aspects of diagnostic imaging or interventional radiology techniques, this article provides a comprehensive overview of osteoid osteoma, covering both conventional imaging findings and current advances in imaging and interventional radiology.