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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
09:32

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Published on: September 26, 2019

Atopic dermatitis.

Stephan Weidinger1, Valeria Aoiki2, Sandipan Dhar3

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. sweidinger@dermatology.uni-kiel.de.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a common itchy skin condition, significantly impacts global health and is linked to various immune-related diseases. Advances in understanding AD have led to targeted therapies, but access remains unequal worldwide.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most prevalent inflammatory skin condition, causing a high burden of disability-adjusted life-years globally.
  • AD is characterized by severe itching and is associated with numerous comorbidities, including allergic conditions, mental health disorders, and infections, largely driven by type 2 immune responses.
  • The disease often begins in early childhood but can manifest at any age, with a notable increase in late-onset cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of atopic dermatitis (AD) pathology.
  • To discuss the evolution of therapeutic strategies for AD.
  • To highlight the global disparities in accessing advanced AD treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on atopic dermatitis.
  • Analysis of disease mechanisms, including skin barrier function, immune pathways, microbiome, and neural networks.
  • Examination of therapeutic advancements and global access to treatments.

Main Results:

  • Enhanced understanding of AD pathogenesis involves the interplay of skin barrier, immune system, microbiome, and neural networks.
  • Therapeutic approaches have shifted from broad immunomodulation to targeted biologics and small molecules for severe AD, and from topical corticosteroids to next-generation therapies for milder forms.
  • Significant global inequities persist in the availability and accessibility of novel AD treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advancements have deepened the understanding of atopic dermatitis, leading to more targeted and effective therapies.
  • Despite therapeutic progress, global disparities in access to these treatments remain a critical challenge.
  • Future efforts should focus on addressing these inequities to ensure broader patient benefit from innovative AD management strategies.