Horned lizard defense tactics optimization for robust FOPID control in vehicle active suspension systems
Kada Boureguig1, Mahmoud Hammou2, Fayssal Ouagueni3
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Ibn Khaldoun, Tiaret, Algeria. kada.boureguig@univ-tiaret.dz.
Scientific Reports
|June 4, 2026
Summary
A new Horned Lizard Optimization Algorithm (HLOA) tunes vehicle active suspension controllers. This bio-inspired method significantly improves ride comfort and handling stability, outperforming existing systems.
Area of Science:
- Automotive Engineering
- Control Systems
- Bio-inspired Computing
Background:
- Vehicle active suspension systems are crucial for ride comfort and handling.
- Optimizing Fractional-Order PID (FOPID) controllers presents a complex challenge due to multiple parameters.
- Existing control methods may not fully address the trade-off between comfort and stability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce the Horned Lizard Defense Tactics Algorithm (HLOA) for optimizing FOPID controllers.
- To enhance vehicle active suspension performance by balancing ride comfort and handling stability.
- To evaluate the robustness and efficiency of the HLOA for FOPID tuning.
Main Methods:
- Developed a novel bio-inspired algorithm: Horned Lizard Defense Tactics Algorithm (HLOA).
- Applied HLOA to simultaneously optimize five FOPID controller parameters ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], λ, μ).
- Utilized a weighted cost function balancing sprung mass acceleration and suspension deflection.
Main Results:
- HLOA-optimized FOPID controllers significantly outperformed passive and classical PID systems.
- Achieved substantial reductions in RMS sprung mass acceleration (26.6%) and suspension deflection (72.6%).
- Demonstrated exceptional robustness against parameter variations (mass, stiffness) and consistent performance across multiple runs.
Conclusions:
- The Horned Lizard Optimization Algorithm (HLOA) provides an effective method for tuning FOPID controllers in active suspensions.
- The proposed HLOA-FOPID approach offers superior performance, ride comfort, and handling stability.
- This bio-inspired optimization presents a significant advancement for intelligent automotive suspension control.
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