Breastfeeding support experiences of mothers of preterm infants in China: a qualitative study

Mothers of preterm infants in China face unique breastfeeding challenges due to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization and restrictive visiting policies enforcing mother-infant separation. While breastfeeding is often assumed instinctive, little is known about the support needs of Chinese mothers from NICU admission to 6 months post-discharge, a critical period when breastfeeding cessation is common.

A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using semi-structured video interviews with 20 mothers of preterm infants (8 during NICU hospitalization, 5 preparing for discharge, and 7 post-discharge) at a maternal and child health center in Fuzhou, China. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis, following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.

Three themes emerged, reflecting breastfeeding support needs: (1) Family support, including assistance with milk pumping and storage; (2) Professional support, encompassing dietary guidance, lactation initiation, and breastfeeding technique feedback; (3) Social and peer support, emphasizing guidance from experienced mothers and workplace accommodations. Subthemes highlighted needs for continuous professional consultation across the care continuum and standardized education for family caregivers as essential strategies to sustain breastfeeding.

Mothers of preterm infants expressed distinct, interconnected breastfeeding support needs across stages. These needs, when acknowledged and met, support successful breastfeeding. Findings can inform targeted interventions to enhance breastfeeding support, emphasizing continuous, comprehensive, and individualized care to promote breastfeeding among preterm infants.