Biobanking: IoT, safety challenges and security prospects

The biobank is a functional unit that facilitates and improves research by storing biological samples and associated data. As such, it is a key resource for advancing the life sciences. New information and communication technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), have positively improved biobanks by making it easier to query, share and manage resources. Based on this technology, several biobank management platforms have been created involving sensors that collect metadata and store it in a dedicated database. However, to mitigate the risks of data theft and ensure the confidentiality of data associated with biospecimen donors, the implementation and operation of biobanks require robust IT security mechanisms. The literature abounds with examples demonstrating that blockchain and artificial intelligence techniques have significantly enhanced the protection and reliability of biobank data. We aim to conduct an in-depth review of the advancements and challenges in implementing IoT in biobanking. This review describes the contributions of IoT to real-time sample tracking, improved traceability, and automation of processes from collection to distribution. And then we will propose a detailed reference architecture, that integrating IoT with the best practices in security, interoperability and scalability. Security issues specific to biobanks, such as protecting sensitive data and preventing of unauthorized access, are also considered. The results of this systematic review show that the lack of unified security is a real threat to these connected biobanking systems. From a practical perspective, this study provides a framework for risk assessment and actionable recommendations to strengthen compliance in IoT environments. Finally, this study opens research perspectives on the use of blockchain and artificial intelligence in the security of biological data.