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Area of origin analysis for expirated patterns using HemoVision.

Lathursha Kalaranjan1, Eugene Liscio2

  • 1University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|June 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Determining the area of origin for expirated bloodstain patterns is challenging. This study found significant inaccuracies in calculating the area of origin for expirated patterns, particularly concerning distance from the wall.

Keywords:
HemoVision softwarearea of origin (AO)bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA)coughing mechanismcrime scene reconstructionexpirated spatter patternforensic identificationmisting patternvirtual stringing method

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA)

Background:

  • Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA) is crucial in forensic investigations.
  • Expirated patterns, formed by air forced through bodily openings, are less researched regarding area of origin (AO) determination.
  • Existing research lacks comprehensive analysis of AO accuracy for expirated patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the true versus observed area of origin (AO) of expirated bloodstain patterns.
  • To evaluate the accuracy of AO determination in expirated patterns using a mechanical rig and human participants.
  • To identify potential errors and limitations in analyzing expirated patterns compared to impact patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a mechanical rig to generate expirated bloodstain patterns at controlled distances (20cm, 40cm) and angles (90°, 45°).
  • Analyzed patterns using HemoVision software to deduce the area of origin (AO).
  • Conducted blind tests with expirated patterns created by human participants (n=11) to assess AO analysis quality.

Main Results:

  • Statistically significant differences were found between true and calculated AO for expirated patterns across all tested conditions (p < 0.001).
  • The largest discrepancies were observed in the distance from the wall, suggesting a unique limitation compared to impact patterns.
  • Blind tests indicated variability in AO analysis quality for human-generated expirated patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The area of origin (AO) for expirated bloodstain patterns may not be accurately calculated using current methods.
  • Expirated patterns present unique challenges for AO determination, with distance from the surface being a key factor.
  • Further research is needed to refine methodologies for accurate AO analysis of expirated bloodstain patterns in forensic investigations.