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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

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Related Experiment Videos

Photoaging: Update on Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment.

Jerry Tsai1, Sewon Kang2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Annals of Dermatology
|June 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Photoaging, or skin aging due to sun exposure, causes wrinkles and pigment changes. This review explores its mechanisms, including ultraviolet radiation effects, and discusses various treatments for improved skin health.

Keywords:
Aryl hydrocarbon receptorLentiginesMatrix metalloproteinaseNuclear factor E2-related factor 2Photoaging of skinSkin pigmentation

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Skin aging results from intrinsic processes and extrinsic factors like sun exposure (photoaging).
  • Photoaging clinically manifests as wrinkles and pigmentary changes.
  • Topical tretinoin was the first reported treatment for photoaged skin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a mechanism-driven review of photoaging development, manifestations, and treatments.
  • To discuss both traditional and newly discovered molecular pathways involved in photoaging.
  • To cover treatment strategies for diverse skin types.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Focus on mechanism-driven insights into photoaging.
  • Discussion of signaling pathways, molecular players, and treatment efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Ultraviolet radiation induces extracellular matrix degradation.
  • Key signaling pathways include aryl hydrocarbon receptor, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor.
  • Skin of color shows increased susceptibility to pigmentary alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Photoaging involves complex molecular signaling beyond ECM degradation.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effective treatment development.
  • Comprehensive management includes photoprotection and diverse therapeutic options.