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RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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RNA Interference

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Live-Cell Imaging of Transcriptional Activity at DNA Double-Strand Breaks

Live-Cell Imaging of Transcriptional Activity at DNA Double-Strand Breaks

Published on: September 20, 2021

rDNA breaks activate dsRNA pattern recognition through sense-antisense transcription.

Jie Chen, Sangin Kim, Sixing Chen

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|June 5, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

DNA damaging therapies create abnormal ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcripts that trigger immune responses via MDA5 and RIG-I. This links nucleolar stress to immune signaling, revealing consequences of DNA damage.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Live-Cell Imaging of Transcriptional Activity at DNA Double-Strand Breaks

Live-Cell Imaging of Transcriptional Activity at DNA Double-Strand Breaks

Published on: September 20, 2021

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection

Published on: January 26, 2019

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Immunology
Genetics

Background:

Chemo- and radio- therapies damage DNA, impacting ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription and processing.
The biological outcomes of these rRNA processing disruptions are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the consequences of DNA damage on rRNA transcription and processing.
To elucidate the mechanism by which aberrant rRNA species activate immune signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

Analysis of aberrant rRNA transcripts generated from DNA breaks.
Investigating the engagement of double-stranded RNA pattern recognition receptors (MDA5 and RIG-I).
Purification of endogenous MDA5-filaments and sequencing.

Main Results:

DNA damage leads to truncated sense-antisense rRNA transcripts instead of full-length rRNA.
These aberrant rRNA transcripts activate immune signaling via MDA5 and RIG-I.
ATM and ATR kinase activities regulate the accumulation of these truncated rRNA species.

Conclusions:

Aberrant rRNA transcripts serve as endogenous ligands that activate dsRNA pattern recognition receptors following DNA damage.
A novel mechanism links nucleolar stress, induced by DNA damage, to the activation of innate immune signaling.