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Related Concept Videos

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology01:59

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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Monohybrid Crosses01:20

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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
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Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
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Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Environmentally Induced Heritable Changes in Flax
08:10

Environmentally Induced Heritable Changes in Flax

Published on: January 26, 2011

Genomic selection for seed yield enhances flax breeding efficiency.

Frank M You1, Chunfang Zheng1, John Joseph Zagariah Daniel1

  • 1Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6 Canada.

Molecular Breeding : New Strategies in Plant Improvement
|June 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic selection (GS) improves flax seed yield breeding by enabling early selection. Breeding-oriented populations and moderate genotyping provide reliable predictions, reducing costs and accelerating crop improvement.

Keywords:
Across-population predictionBreeding efficiencyCheck-based selectionFlaxGenomic selectionGenotyping-by-sequencingSeed yieldTraining population design

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Area of Science:

  • Plant breeding
  • Quantitative genetics
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Genomic selection (GS) offers potential for enhancing breeding efficiency in complex traits like seed yield.
  • Practical application of GS is hindered by small training populations and reduced predictive accuracy in breeding germplasm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Evaluate GS for flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed yield under realistic breeding conditions.
  • Assess across-population prediction (APP) and breeding decision support.
  • Determine the suitability of GS for routine integration into breeding programs.

Main Methods:

  • Trained GS models using historical germplasm and a breeding-oriented population.
  • Assessed prediction accuracy across multiple independent test populations of contemporary breeding lines.
  • Analyzed training population composition, marker density, and selection outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Across-population prediction (APP) achieved predictive abilities of r=0.67-0.84 with genetically aligned populations.
  • Breeding-oriented training populations outperformed broad germplasm collections for predicting breeding lines.
  • Moderate-density genotyping (2,500-3,000 SNPs) ensured stable predictive abilities.
  • GS reproduced phenotypic advancement decisions, reducing field evaluation costs by 48-78%.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic selection for flax seed yield is ready for routine implementation in breeding programs.
  • GS provides a practical method to reduce costs, shorten breeding cycles, and increase selection efficiency.
  • Optimized training population design and marker density are crucial for successful GS deployment.