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Drug Delivery: Overview

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Scalable Fabrication of Stretchable, Dual Channel, Microfluidic Organ Chips

Scalable Fabrication of Stretchable, Dual Channel, Microfluidic Organ Chips

Published on: October 20, 2018

Human Multi-Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms for Next-Generation Drug Delivery Strategies.

Cosmo S Mitchell¹, Hong-Il Yoo^2,3, Carolina Gracia Diaz^3,4,5

¹Chemistry-Biology Interface Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.

|June 5, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human multi-organ-on-a-chip (MOoC) platforms offer advanced preclinical models for drug development. These systems improve the prediction of therapeutic efficacy and toxicity by mimicking human physiology, accelerating the discovery of new medicines.

Keywords:

drug delivery microphysiological systems (MPS)multi-organ-on-a-chip (MOoC)new approach methodologies (NAMs)

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

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Published on: May 17, 2021

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Pharmacology
Preclinical Drug Development

Background:

Conventional in vitro and animal models have limitations in predicting human drug responses.
Human multi-organ-on-a-chip (MOoC) platforms integrate dynamic perfusion and tissue crosstalk for physiologically relevant studies.
MOoCs offer a next-generation preclinical model for evaluating therapeutic delivery and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in MOoC technologies for drug delivery.
To highlight MOoCs' ability to overcome limitations of traditional preclinical models.
To discuss future perspectives of MOoCs in accelerating drug discovery and precision medicine.

Main Methods:

Review of current MOoC technologies and their applications.
Analysis of drug delivery strategies including stem cells, gene therapies, nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, and biomaterials.
Discussion of technical and biological considerations for MOoC development.

Main Results:

MOoCs provide unprecedented opportunities to study drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and toxicity under human-relevant conditions.
These platforms offer more predictive insight into therapeutic distribution and pharmacodynamics compared to conventional models.
MOoCs enable assessment of organ-specific accumulation, metabolic transformation, and off-target effects.

Conclusions:

MOoCs are powerful translational platforms for preclinical drug evaluation.
They have the potential to accelerate drug discovery, reduce clinical attrition, and support precision medicine development.
Ongoing engineering developments are addressing material limitations and physiological scaling for enhanced MOoC applications.