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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

Targeted Connectomic Neuromodulation of the Orbitofrontal Cortex To Treat Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Emma Anderson, Audrey Kist, Zachary D Simon

    Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
    |June 5, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study used invasive brain mapping to find new treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Stimulating specific brain areas, like the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), improved OCD symptoms by targeting frontal cortex circuits.

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    Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

    Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    Published on: March 14, 2025

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    Protocol for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Symptom Provocation to Treat Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
    11:17

    Protocol for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Symptom Provocation to Treat Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

    Published on: November 25, 2025

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Neurosurgery
    • Psychiatry

    Background:

    • Frontal cortical circuit dysfunction is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders like OCD.
    • Identifying precise neuromodulation targets is crucial for effective treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an invasive brain mapping protocol to identify personalized stimulation targets for OCD symptom relief.
    • To investigate the role of frontal cortical regions in sustaining OCD symptoms using targeted inactivation.

    Main Methods:

    • Implanted temporary electrodes in candidate brain sites for invasive brain mapping.
    • Leveraged the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) topography to selectively inactivate frontal cortical regions.
    • Monitored effects of stimulation on prefrontal and cingulate cortex activity and OCD symptoms.

    Main Results:

    • ALIC stimulation focally suppressed connected prefrontal and cingulate cortical regions.
    • Stimulation of the ventral capsule (VC) within the ALIC suppressed lateral orbitofrontal cortex activity.
    • This stimulation led to acute and long-term improvements in OCD symptoms.

    Conclusions:

    • ALIC topography can guide targeted connectomic neuromodulation for neuropsychiatric disorders.
    • This approach offers a paradigm for personalized brain stimulation therapies.
    • Reversible inactivation of specific frontal cortical sites can alleviate OCD symptoms.