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Switching metastable dynamics in many-body open quantum systems.

Ya-Xin Xiang1, Weibin Li2, Zhengyang Bai1

  • 1National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.

National Science Review
|June 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study connects stochastic switching dynamics to quantum metastability in dissipative systems. It reveals a quantum Arrhenius law where system size acts as an effective temperature, clarifying relaxation processes.

Keywords:
Rydberg atomdissipative phase transitionquantum metastabilitystochastic switching

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Condensed matter theory

Background:

  • Stochastic switching is crucial in dissipative many-body systems, probing metastability in classical and quantum domains.
  • Understanding quantum metastability is key to characterizing complex quantum systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To unravel the connection between switching dynamics and quantum metastability using spectral decomposition, quantum-jump simulations, and large deviation principles.
  • To distinguish trajectory-level, noise-induced metastability from spectrum-level, deterministic metastability in a Markovian open quantum system with bistability.

Main Methods:

  • Spectral decomposition of the system's Liouvillian.
  • Quantum-jump simulations for trajectory analysis.
  • Application of large deviation principles to analyze switching rates.

Main Results:

  • Established a direct correspondence between classical fixed points and quantum metastable states.
  • Identified exponential scaling of the Liouvillian gap, steady-state occupation ratio, and switching rates with system size.
  • Demonstrated a quantum analogue of the Arrhenius law, with inverse system size acting as an effective temperature.

Conclusions:

  • Provided a unified picture of quantum bistability in dissipative systems.
  • Clarified relaxation processes in strongly interacting, dissipative quantum systems far from the thermodynamic limit.
  • Highlighted the role of system size as an effective temperature in quantum metastability.